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:''Other important Muslim mystics carry the name Suhrawardi, particularly ''Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi'' and his paternal nephew ''Shaykh Shahabuddin Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi''.'' "Shahāb ad-Dīn" Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardī ((ペルシア語:شهابالدین سهروردی), also known as Sohrevardi) was a Persian〔Ziai, H.(1997), “Al-Suhrawardi”, ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'', New Ed., vol. 9: 782-784. Quote: "AL-SUHRAWARDI, SHIHAB AL-DIN YAHYA b. Habash b. Amirak, Abu'1-Futuh, well known Persian innovative philosopher-scientist, and founder of an independent, non-Aristotelian philosophical school named the "Philosophy of Illumination" (''Ḥikmat al-ʿishraq'')"〕〔C. E. Butterworth, M. Mahdi, ''The Political Aspects of Islamic Philosophy'', Harvard CMES Publishers, 406 pp., 1992, ISBN 0-932885-07-1 (see p.336)〕〔John Walbridge, “The leaven of the ancients: Suhrawardī and the heritage of the Greeks”, State University of New York Press, 1999. Excerpt: “Suhrawardi, a 12th-century Persian philosopher, was a key figure in the transition of Islamic thought from the neo-Aristotelianism of Avicenna to the mystically oriented philosophy of later centuries.”〕〔Seyyed Hossein Nasr, “The need for a sacred science”, SUNY Press, 1993. Pg 158: “Persian philosopher Suhrawardi refers in fact to this land as ''na-kuja abad'', which in Persian means literally utopia, "no-place.”〕〔Matthew Kapstein, University of Chicago Press, 2004, "The presence of light: divine radiance and religious experience", University of Chicago Press, 2004. pg 285: "the light of lights in the system of the Persian philosopher Suhrawardi"〕〔Hossein Ziai. ''Illuminationism or Illuminationist philosophy, first introduced in the 12th century as a complete, reconstructed system distinct both from the Peripatetic philosophy of Avicenna and from theological philosophy.'' in: ''Encyclopædia Iranica'', Volumes XII & XIII. 2004.〕〔Edward Craig, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "al-Suhrawardi, Shihab al-Din Yahya (1154-91)" Routledge 1998. Excerpt: "Shihab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash ibn Amirak Abu’l-Futuh al-Suhrawardi, known as al-Maqtul (the Slain One) in reference to his execution, and usually referred to as Shaykh al-Ishraq after his school of Illuminationist philosophy (hikmat al-ishraq), was born in AH 549/AD 1154 in the village of Suhraward in northwestern Iran."〕〔Donald M. Borchert, Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Vol. 9 Gale / Cengage Learning 2nd. Edition, 2006. "suhraward ̄i, () (1155 or 1156–1191)" Excerpt: "Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi is one of the best known, innovative, yet controversial Persian philosophers in the history of philosophy in Iran."〕 philosopher and founder of Illuminationism, an important school in Islamic philosophy and mysticism that drew upon Zoroastrian and Platonic ideas. The "light" in his "Philosophy of Illumination" is a divine and metaphysical source of knowledge. He is referred to by the honorific title ''Shaikh al-ʿIshraq'' "Master of Illumination" and ''Shaikh al-Maqtul'' "the Murdered Master", in reference to his execution for heresy. Mulla Sadra, the Persian sage of the Safavid era described Suhrawardi as the "Reviver of the Traces of the Pahlavi (Iranian) Sages",〔The Cambridge History of Islam:, Volume 2 (1977) edited by P. M. Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis pg 823: 〕 and Suhrawardi, in his magnum opus "The Philosophy of Illumination", thought of himself as a reviver or resuscitator of the ancient tradition of Persian wisdom.〔Henry Corbin, "The Voyage and the Messenger: Iran and Philosophy", North Atlantic Books, 1998. pg XLV: "There was among the ancient Persians a community of people guided by God who thus walked the true way, worthy Sage-Philosophers, with no resemblance to the Magi (Dualists). It is their precious philosophy of Light, the same as that to which the mystical experience of Plato and his predecessors bear witness, that we have revived in our book called ''Oriental Theosophy (Hikmat al-'Ishraq)'', and I have had no precursor in the way of such project."〕 Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi (1154-1191) should not be confused with major figure of the Suhrawardiyya sufi order, Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi (1145-1234). This misconception persists due to their similar names and the fact that they were alive during the same era. ==Life== ''Suhraward'' is a village located between the present-day towns of Zanjan and Bijar Garrus in Iran, where Suhrawardi was born in 1154.〔 He learned wisdom and jurisprudence in Maragheh (located today in the East Azarbaijan Province of Iran). His teacher was Majd al-Din Jaili who was also Imam Fakhr Razi’s teacher. He then went to Iraq and Syria for several years and developed his knowledge while he was there. His life spanned a period of less than forty years during which he produced a series of works that established him as the founder of a new school of philosophy, called "Illuminism" (''hikmat al-Ishraq''). According to Henry Corbin, Suhrawardi "came later to be called the Master of Illumination (''Shaikh-i-Ishraq'') because his great aim was the renaissance of ancient Iranian wisdom".〔H.Corbin, ''Spiritual Body and Celestial Earth (From Mazdean Iran to Shi'ite Iran), translated from French by Nancy Pearson, Princeton, 1977. (1:Paris, 1960), pg. 54.〕 which Corbin specifies in various ways as the "project of reviving the philosophy of ancient Persia".〔Henry Corbin. The Voyage and the Messenger. Iran and Philosophy. Containing previous unpublished articles and lectures from 1948 to 1976. North Atlantic Books. Berkeley, California. 1998. ISBN 1-55643-269-0.〕 In 1186, at the age of thirty-two, he completed his magnum opus, ''The Philosophy of Illumination.'' There are several contradictory reports of his death. The most commonly held view is that he was executed sometime between 1191 and 1208 in Aleppo on charges of cultivating Batini teachings and philosophy, by the order of al-Malik al-Zahir, son of Saladin. Other traditions hold that he starved himself to death, others till that he was suffocated or thrown from the wall of the fortress, then burned.〔Muḥammad Kamāl, ''Mulla Sadra's transcendent philosophy'', Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006 (p.13)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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